Biology is a complicated subject that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution. Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation and extinction of species. Living organisms are open systems that survive by transforming energy and decreasing their local entropy to maintain a stable and vital condition defined as homeostasis.
Sub-disciplines of biology are defined by the research methods employed and the kind of system studied are the theoretical biology uses mathematical methods to formulate quantitative models while experimental biology performs empirical experiments to test the validity of proposed theories and understand the mechanisms underlying life and how it appeared and evolved from non-living matter about 4 billion years ago through a gradual increase in the complexity of the system. Students always get perplexed to solve all these type of critical problems and try to find online assignment help. AssignmentHero offers you the best assignment service in Australia and other parts of the world. Here we have experts to help you with any type of assignment problems instantly and effectively.
What is Biology?
Biology is the science of life. Its name is derived from the Greek words “bios” (life) and “logos” (study). Biologists study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms. Biology is the study of life and all living organisms and it clarifies our knowledge of various life forms. Moreover, it is a branch of natural sciences that studies and understands living organisms along with their evolution, function, behavior, interaction, growth, structure, and origin. Biology as a subject that includes several fields within itself such as physiology, anatomy, morphology and physiology for additional study. Cells are the fundamental unit of life. We consume food which is converted into energy. This energy acts as a crucial element for our growth and survival. The outcome of evolution theory explains that we have transmitted attributes from our ancestors. All the important concepts of heredity like Genetics, for instance, are fundamental and prove the existence of humans on earth. This is what makes the study of biology relevant to humans.
Main theories of Modern Biology
The cell theory:
Cell is discovered by the Biologist Robert Hook. The cell is the basic unit of life that arises from the already existing form. The cell theory involves an explanation of how cells work and function. This theory was a combined effort of three famous scientists Matthias Schleiden, Rudolph Virchow, and Theodor Schwann. The traditional concept of cell theory focuses on the basic information about the cell, whereas, the modern concept elaborates it by explaining the importance of DNA a cell and its energy flow system. In general, cell theory defines the structure, function, and working of various cells in a living body.
Evolution by Natural Selection:
The main concept of Evolution theory is based on the belief that species are produced in a large number. But they are further filtered based on their ability to survive environmental consequences and carry heritable traits, helping them for survival.
Homeostasis:
Homeostasis was introduced by cannon which means “internal body condition remains constant even if there is a change in the external environment”. The study involved in this theory includes an in-depth study of the endocrine system and the nervous system of the brain. It consists of electrolyte, pressure, pH balance etc.
Gene Theory:
Gene theory involves answering the questions regarding the transfer of traits from one generation to the other. This theory states that gamete is the reason behind the transmission of characteristics. The theory concludes that Gene theory is proved as a unit of inheritance. There have been several changes in gene theory as the time passed. Many researchers showed interest and worked on genes, chromosomes, and DNA.
Topics that we cover in Biology
Cell Biology:
Study of Cell Biology will help you acquire knowledge regarding the structure, function, and composition of a cell. Cells are also important to conduct a study on various diseases, immune system, transplantation of organs of the body and much more. Cell movement, Cell cycle, Cell signaling, Cell culture are some important topics in this field of Biology.
Anatomy:
It means the study of internal organs of a living body. This field of study is important to understand the composition, importance, and functioning of any specific organ. Therefore, when plants anatomy is studied, it is referred to as plant anatomy. Similarly, the study of animals is termed as animal anatomy.
Genetics:
Genetics involves the study of heredity, gen and variations in an organism. It is a detailed study of genetic disorders, transmission of the trait, DNA, and study on Chromosomes which are important components of this field of biology. Today, this field of Biology includes a vast range of topics such as Molecular genetics, engineering, Epigenetic and more.
Molecular Biology:
Molecular Biology provides information regarding how different systems of a body interact at the molecular level. Consequently, molecular biology is related to many other fields of science which includes Genetics, Cell biology and many more. Some important topics studied in this field are Membrane Biology, Biomolecules, and Gene expression.
Biochemistry:
Biochemistry involves the study regarding structure and functions of biomolecules that form the elements of the living cell and understands how different biological processes in living beings. In order to understand how cellular structures of a living cell is made and works, you must understand the complex biomolecules like peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, fructose, glucose, DNA and RNA including DNA sequencing and DNA cloning, nucleic acids, generation of free radicals, antioxidants. Gaining knowledge on the structure and functioning of these biomolecules helps you understand cell functions like cell signaling, bioinformatics, neurology and neurochemistry, heredity, genomics, and life processes like nutrition, RNA transcription, metabolism etc.
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