Background
Description of the condition:
This abridged systematic literature review provides significant knowledge about the psychological intervention and the covid_19. In the case of covid, the frontline worker is more affected than the other. The majority of the population suffers from mental distress. The important consideration in this regard is the practical and technical consideration that helps actively to overcome the worse impacted covid. Psychological intervention is fundamental in fighting against the Covid_19 because it provides additional assistance in overcome health issues. Detailed studies show that behind poor mental health the main consequences are prolonged quarantine, intense emotional adjustment, disorder relating to the pandemic, and poor finance (Inchausti1, MacBeth, & Hasson-Ohayon, 2020).
Description of the intervention:
Non-pharmaceutical interventions like following the standard operating procedure of the Covid-19 are considered as best interventions that ensure the physical health of the person (Rosman, Kerwer, Steinmetz, & Chasiotis, 2020). In contrast to these interventions, the adverse effect of the pandemic on the mental health of the person is tackle through psychological interventions. While non-pharmaceutical interventions. Psychology and non-pharmaceutical interventions are essential for the effective control ion the increasing g rate of Covid_19 (Inchausti1, MacBeth, & Hasson-Ohayon, 2020). Because it helps to provide effective control to limit the spread of covid.
How the intervention might work:
The psychological well-being of millions of people is affected by the Covif_19. The reason behind the elevated rate of psychological distress is the poor mental health of the patient. Psychological intervention is important in terms of controlling psychological illness. This research provides evidence of the working of the WHO in refining the mental health status through various psychological interventions. The stress is related to poor management. In the control of the stress it essential to devise such a mechanism that effectively supports the efficient health status of the patient (Keya, Dawson, Azevado, & Yadav, 2021). Concerning on an international level The covid_19 outbreak is a public health outbreak. A massive effect of the virus on the mental health of the population is observed. Different psychological crises emerge in the consequences of the Covid _19 that not only a mental wellbeing of the community but also physical health of the community it also affected by covid_19. A psychological intervention model is presented that effectively manipulates emotional distress, loneliness, fear, anxiety, defensive responses, and frustration. From the lockdown and quarantine, negative mental illnesses are observed like increasing loneliness, anger, stress, fear, numbness, and guilt (TALEVI, SOCCI, CARAI, & CARNAGHI, 2021).
PICO question being explored:
What consequences in the patient population related to the psychological intervention of the Covid-19 have been derived?
METHODS
Methods
| Types of studies included | In this assessment, the researchers from other researchers have utilized the source of information. In the section of the resources only credible resources are utilized that proactively support the PICO. Only those studies in the assessment are included that provide a complete scenario of the given situation. |
| Types of participants | Researchers, groups with participants both male and female. |
| Types of interventions include interventionand control) | Psychological intervention is utilized for control. |
| Outcome measure | The importance of the psychological intervention in fighting the Covid_19 is to demonstrate through various pieces of evidence. There is a direct relationship between physical and mental health. |
Inclusion Criteria
- Evidence of every single step that is performed in the assessment.
- Use of IT
Exclusion Criteria
Poor source for Research
Weak investigative approach
| Name of database | Detailed search terms / strategy | Number of results obtained |
| Quantitative | Brief videoconferencing psychological intervention for reducing COVID-19 related distress: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | N=120 |
| Quantitative | Asian-Pacific perspective on the psychological well-being of healthcare workers during the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic | N=1146 |
| Quantitative | Differences between Health Workers and General Population in Risk Perception, Behaviors, and Psychological Distress Related to COVID-19 Spread in Italy | Not clear |
| Qualitative | Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far and What We Can Do | positive |
PRISMA Flow Diagram
Internal Validity Critical Appraisal
To access the possible risk of bias the RCT, s was used for the determination and accessing the randomization in the study. In addition to this provided checklist is important in discovering and evaluating the different circumstances that are associated with research. . Luca Simione et al researched understanding the difference between the general population and health workers considering the psychological distress in Italy. In this research, the data is collected through the online battery of the questionnaire the collected data is not reported in the research which is considered as the shorting coming of the research. In the conclusion of the research, it was proposed that for both groups there is a number of consequences that amplify the psychological condition of both groups of participants. In maintaining the health status of both groups significant efforts are needed to be done that maintain effective health status.
Encaustic et al provide an analytical view of different behavioral and emotional changes that related to mental illness in contrast to this Simione research is focus on the difference between psychological illness in the health workers and common worker (Simione & Gnagnarella, 2020). Inchaustic utilized the quantitative research methodology in which the detailed research is concluded that the negative social factor that enhanced the mental illness are loneliness, fear, death of the relatives, and low income. The keyan et al research study is based on the WHO physiological intervention in which the major focus of the research is problem management. Different psychological illnesses included frustration, depression, fear and loneliness are common psychological problems that are dominated in the pandemic. In this regard, the intervention of problem management is introduced to deal with this proactively. In the (Nicholas W. S. Chew, 2020) research study he study the psychological concern related to covid _19 specifically in pacific region.
The physiological outcomes of three different countries are performed in this . which helps in answering the question. (Inchausti, MacBeth, Hasson-Ohayon, & Dimaggio, 2020) Study support that change in the social system is the cause of disruption and lead to mental illness. Mental illness is overcome by the effectiveness of psychological intervention. In this research, the result is derived from the present consequences that are mainly observed in society. (Simione & Gnagnarella, 2020). Utilize the online method of the survey to support the consequences. In contrast to this (Keyan, et al., 2021) utilized the video conferencing their methodology of research that proactively support the research in addition to this the strength of the study is that the utilizing style is novel and it is based on the assessment derived from the meeting also it is cost-effective. The research of (Keyan, et al., 2021)
Results
The positive result is associated with psychological interventions. The psychological model of intervention help to overcome the stress condition in the Covid _19 pandemics. The most obvious benefit of the psychological intervention is that reduced fear, stress, anxiety, depression, the loneliness that is increased due to different social factors like quarantine, lockdown, and death of the relatives. All these stressing factors cause an abnormal increase in the stress level of the patient. The psychological interventions provide additional support in fighting against the Covid_19. Research support that there is a considerable increase in insomnia, fear, bereavement and that aggravating mental illness are these increasing crises in the mental issue are overcome by the unique psychological model of intervention. The importance of psychological intervention is that it supports the effective health of the patient. The covid _ 19 affects the whole population globally as a result all the people suffer from different mental and health issues. It causes a considerable increase in the negative outcome with poor immunity because depression, fear, anxiety, and frustration decreased the natural immunity of the person. The finding of the research is based on the significant increase in the mental health of the patient with the implication of psychological interventions.
How might we use evidence to inform practice?
The effects of COVID-19 on human mental health eliminate by different strategies Each study comprises different methods to determine the effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of workers. Approximately one thousand, one hundred and forty-six participants were studded in the context. The study determined that early psychological intervention can be employed to eliminate the effects of COVID-19 and may be profitable for the vulnerable group of health care works. The result can be implied to the patients as the context is a detailed and evidence-based study that evaluates each fact (Nicholas W. S. Chew, 2020).
In (Keyan, et al., 2021) the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a program named Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a psychological intervention that comprises that is employed to eliminate or reduce the symptoms of stress via videoconferencing. The study results show that the intervention named Problem Management plus is an effective intervention to eliminate the effects of stress, depression n anxiety from health care workers. The Problem Management plus (PM+) intervention can be employed as it is an effective and efficient approach to uplift the immunity of workers which is highly beneficial for fighting against COVID-19.
In the third study, almost three hundred and fifty-three participants took part that belongs to different gender and age. The study conducted a questionnaire online with the help of social media platform. The result provides a variety of risks connected to health care workers and also the effects of COVID-19 on workers’ mental health they are presented a number of explanations that are helpful in evaluating .The result of the study shows the report comprises two groups and relative tests for sample purposes. The participants of the medical group were examined no more children including 0.40 vs. 0.58, were noted to sleep less at night including 6.84 vs. 7.06 and vaccinated many times for flu in 2019 .junior age from 35.56 vs. 40.69, examined more years including 23.02 vs. 21.34, (Simione & Gnagnarella, 2020).
The study (Inchausti, MacBeth, Hasson-Ohayon, & Dimaggio, 2020) focuses on online or technological medicated delivery of the psychological intervention to three groups. The study stated that specialized psychological interventions should be flexible and capable enough to be adopted to various phases of the pandemic. Different clinical psychologists, psychotherapists, and psychological intervention specialists comprise how to deliver technological therapy to the patients in presence of lockdown. The study results stated that the technological psychological therapies and changes interact with social changes that occurred due to COID-19. The study can b implied to the patients as the study deeply illustrated the technological interventions that can be employed to eliminate psychological effects of COVID-19 from health care worker’s mental health.
Conclusion
In psychological intervention to fight against covid-19, different strategies are presented to overcome mental illness. All these psychological interventions support good mental health in the covid_19. Different researchers perform numerous researches on psychological intervention. Keyan, et al performed research in which the basic intervention to control the mental innless is problem management which is introduced by the WHO (Keyan, et al., 2021). In this research, an online research survey is conducted to ensure the credibility of the research. In this researcher utilized the qualitative measures to collect data.
Simione et al performed research to study the psychological illness in both health care providing services. In this, the report of two group’s samples is cross-checked to ensure the credibility of the information. In this, it is concluded that there is a variety of the factor that aggravates the psychological illness (Simione & Gnagnarella, 2020). These psychological illnesses are of varied types and various accuses. Incausti et al performed research to study the illness that is most commonly observed due to the spread of the pandemic. To compete with these psychological interventions such strategies have been introduced that help to deal with the psychological illness more efficiently (Inchausti, MacBeth, Hasson-Ohayon, & Dimaggio, 2020) . The qualitative et al of methodology is utilized. The importance of the research is that it opens a new area of research for other researchers.
Audit
Strength of Research
The detailed information of the utilized resources. The credibility of the qualitative research. They are no chances of biasness in utilizing sources that ensure the credibility of the data gathering in the research the potential and updated source of information utilization. The research provides a new area for the research as well. In the research, those studies are preferred in which updated technology and multiple tools of the research are utilized.
Limitation of Research
The limitation of the research is inclusiveness and ecological vitality. The research was very time-consuming because it make difference between the different articles that are provided. In addition to this, the research sources that are utilized in the research were much diversified it is very difficult to combine the diverse end of the research. In addition to this, there is limited information on the Covid _19 because it is a novel issue they have no g=historical background that provides strong evidence.
Appendix
| CASP Questions for RCT | (Inchausti, MacBeth, Hasson-Ohayon, & Dimaggio, 2020) | (Nicholas W. S. Chew, 2020) | (Keyan, et al., 2021) | (Simione & Gnagnarella, 2020) |
| Did the question address in the research? | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Effect of the intervention is reported comparatively and extensively? | Can’t tell | yes | no | yes |
| Precession of the intervention is reported? | yes | Can’t tell | yes | no |
| Limitation of the intervention is highlighted? | no | yes | no | Can’t tell |
| Binding | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Cannot tell | Cannot tell |
| Is the participation is randomized in the assignment?. | Can’t tell | yes | no | Can’t tell |
| Are the effect of the repost are comprehensive? | no | yes | no | yes |
| The result can be applicable to the local participant? | no | Can’t tell | yes | no |
| Does the selected intervention provide greater care and value to the experimental intervention? | Can’t tell | yes | no | yes |
References
Inchausti1, F., MacBeth, A., & Hasson-Ohayon, I. (2020). Psychological Intervention and COVID-19: What We Know So Far. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy , 243–250.
Keya, D., Dawson, K., Azevado, S., & Yadav, S. (2021). Brief videoconferencing psychological intervention for reducing COVID-19 related distress: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health volume . From Brief videoconferencing psychological intervention for reducing COVID-19 related distress: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Rosman, T., Kerwer, M., Steinmetz, H., & Chasiotis, A. (2020). Will COVID‐19‐related economic worries superimpose health worries, reducing nonpharmaceutical intervention acceptance in Germany? A prospective pre‐registered study. International Journal of Psychology, 12753.
TALEVI, D., SOCCI, V., CARAI, M., & CARNAGHI, G. (2021). Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Gli esiti di salute mentale della pandemia di CoViD-19.